41 What then shall we say that Abraham , our forefather according to the flesh , has found ? 2 For if Abraham was justified by works , he has something to boast about , but not before God . 3 For what does the Scripture say ? " ABRAHAM BELIEVED GOD , AND IT WAS CREDITED TO HIM AS RIGHTEOUSNESS ." 4 Now to the one who works , his wage is not credited as a favor , but as what is due . 5 But to the one who does not work , but believes in Him who justifies the ungodly , his faith is credited as righteousness , 6 just as David also speaks of the blessing on the man to whom God credits righteousness apart from works : 7 " BLESSED ARE THOSE WHOSE LAWLESS DEEDS HAVE BEEN FORGIVEN , AND WHOSE SINS HAVE BEEN COVERED . 8 " BLESSED IS THE MAN WHOSE SIN THE Lord WILL NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT ."
9 Is this blessing then on the circumcised , or on the uncircumcised also ? For we say , " FAITH WAS CREDITED TO ABRAHAM AS RIGHTEOUSNESS ." 10 How then was it credited ? While he was circumcised , or uncircumcised ? Not while circumcised , but while uncircumcised ; 11 and he received the sign of circumcision , a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while uncircumcised , so that he might be the father of all who believe without being circumcised , that righteousness might be credited to them, 12 and the father of circumcision to those who not only are of the circumcision , but who also follow in the steps of the faith of our father Abraham which he had while uncircumcised .
Matthew Henry's Commentary on Romans 4:1-12
Commentary on Romans 4:1-12
(Read Romans 4:1-12)
To meet the views of the Jews, the apostle first refers to the example of Abraham, in whom the Jews gloried as their most renowned forefather. However exalted in various respects, he had nothing to boast in the presence of God, being saved by grace, through faith, even as others. Without noticing the years which passed before his call, and the failures at times in his obedience, and even in his faith, it was expressly stated in Scripture that "he believed God, and it was counted to him for righteousness," Genesis 15:6. From this example it is observed, that if any man could work the full measure required by the law, the reward must be reckoned as a debt, which evidently was not the case even of Abraham, seeing faith was reckoned to him for righteousness. When believers are justified by faith, "their faith being counted for righteousness," their faith does not justify them as a part, small or great, of their righteousness; but as the appointed means of uniting them to Him who has chosen as the name whereby he shall be called, "the Lord our Righteousness." Pardoned people are the only blessed people. It clearly appears from the Scripture, that Abraham was justified several years before his circumcision. It is, therefore, plain that this rite was not necessary in order to justification. It was a sign of the original corruption of human nature. And it was such a sign as was also an outward seal, appointed not only to confirm God's promises to him and to his seed, and their obligation to be the Lord's, but likewise to assure him of his being already a real partaker of the righteousness of faith. Thus Abraham was the spiritual forefather of all believers, who walked after the example of his obedient faith. The seal of the Holy Spirit in our sanctification, making us new creatures, is the inward evidence of the righteousness of faith.