91 Now in the twelfth e month (that is, the month Adar ), on the thirteenth e day when the king's command and edict were about to be executed , on the day when the enemies of the Jews hoped to gain the mastery over them, it was turned to the contrary so that the Jews themselves gained the mastery over those who hated them. 2 The Jews assembled in their cities throughout all the provinces of King Ahasuerus to lay hands on those who sought their harm ; and no one could stand before them, for the dread of them had fallen on all the peoples . 3 Even all the princes of the provinces , the satraps , the governors and those who were doing the king's business assisted the Jews , because the dread of Mordecai had fallen on them. 4 Indeed , Mordecai was great in the king's house , and his fame spread throughout all the provinces ; for the man Mordecai became greater and greater . 5 Thus the Jews struck all their enemies with the sword , killing and destroying ; and they did what they pleased to those who hated them. 6 At the citadel in Susa the Jews killed and destroyed five hundred men , 7 and Parshandatha , Dalphon , Aspatha , 8 Poratha , Adalia , Aridatha , 9 Parmashta , Arisai , Aridai and Vaizatha , 10 the ten sons of Haman the son of Hammedatha , the Jews' enemy ; but they did not lay their hands on the plunder . 11 On that day the number of those who were killed at the citadel in Susa was reported to the king . 12 The king said to Queen Esther , "The Jews have killed and destroyed five hundred men and the ten sons of Haman at the citadel in Susa . What then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces ! Now what is your petition ? It shall even be granted you. And what is your further request ? It shall also be done ." 13 Then said Esther , "If it pleases e the king , let tomorrow also be granted to the Jews who are in Susa to do according to the edict of today ; and let Haman's ten sons be hanged on the gallows ." 14 So the king commanded that it should be done so ; and an edict was issued in Susa , and Haman's ten sons were hanged . 15 The Jews who were in Susa assembled also on the fourteenth e day of the month Adar and killed three hundred men in Susa , but they did not lay their hands on the plunder .
16 Now the rest of the Jews who were in the king's provinces assembled , to defend their lives and rid themselves of their enemies , and kill 75,000 e e of those who hated them; but they did not lay their hands on the plunder . 17 This was done on the thirteenth e day of the month Adar , and on the fourteenth e day they rested and made it a day of feasting and rejoicing . 18 But the Jews who were in Susa assembled on the thirteenth e and the fourteenth e of the same month, and they rested on the fifteenth e day and made it a day of feasting and rejoicing . 19 Therefore e the Jews of the rural areas , who live in the rural towns , make the fourteenth e day of the month Adar a holiday e for rejoicing and feasting and sending portions of food to one another .
20 Then Mordecai recorded these events , and he sent letters to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus , both near and far , 21 obliging e them to celebrate the fourteenth e day of the month Adar , and the fifteenth e day of the same month, annually e ,
Matthew Henry's Commentary on Esther 9:1-21
Commentary on Esther 9:1-19
(Read Esther 9:1-19)
The enemies of the Jews hoped to have power over them by the former edict. If they had attempted nothing against the people of God, they would not themselves have suffered. The Jews, acting together, strengthened one another. Let us learn to stand fast in one spirit, and with one mind, striving together against the enemies of our souls, who endeavour to rob us of our faith, which is more precious than our lives. The Jews, to the honour of their religion, showed contempt of wordly wealth, that they might make it appear they desired nothing except their own preservation. In every case the people of God should manifest humanity and disinterestedness, frequently refusing advantages which might lawfully be obtained. The Jews celebrated their festival the day after they had finished their work. When we have received great mercies from God, we ought to be speedy in making thankful returns to him.
Commentary on Esther 9:20-32
(Read Esther 9:20-32)
The observance of the Jewish feasts, is a public declaration of the truth of the Old Testament Scriptures. And as the Old Testament Scriptures are true, the Messiah expected by the Jews is come long ago; and none but Jesus of Nazareth can be that Messiah. The festival was appointed by authority, yet under the direction of the Spirit of God. It was called the feast of Purim, from a Persian word, which signifies a lot. The name of this festival would remind them of the almighty power of the God of Israel, who served his own purposes by the superstitions of the heathen. In reviewing our mercies, we should advert to former fears and distresses. When our mercies are personal, we should not by forgetfulness lose the comfort of them, or withhold from the Lord the glory due to his name. May the Lord teach us to rejoice, with that holy joy which anticipates and prepares for the blessedness of heaven. Every instance of Divine goodness to ourselves, is a new obligation laid on us to do good, to those especially who most need our bounty. Above all, redemption by Christ binds us to be merciful, 2 Corinthians 8:9.