211 "If a slain person is found lying in the open country in the land which the Lord your God gives you to possess , and it is not known who has struck him, 2 then your elders and your judges shall go out and measure the distance to the cities which are around the slain one . 3 "It shall be that the city which is nearest to the slain man , that is, the elders of that city , shall take a heifer of the herd , which has not been worked and which has not pulled in a yoke ; 4 and the elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a valley with running water , which has not been plowed or sown , and shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley . 5 "Then the priests , the sons of Levi , shall come near , for the Lord your God has chosen them to serve Him and to bless in the name of the Lord ; and every dispute and every assault shall be settled e by them. 6 "All the elders of that city which is nearest to the slain man shall wash their hands over the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley ; 7 and they shall answer and say , 'Our hands did not shed this blood , nor did our eyes see it. 8 'Forgive Your people Israel whom You have redeemed , O Lord , and do not place the guilt of innocent blood in the midst of Your people Israel .' And the bloodguiltiness shall be forgiven them. 9 " So you shall remove the guilt of innocent blood from your midst , when you do what is right in the eyes of the Lord .
10 "When you go out to battle against your enemies , and the Lord your God delivers them into your hands and you take them away captive , 11 and see among the captives a beautiful woman , and have a desire for her and would take her as a wife for yourself, 12 then you shall bring her home to your house , and she shall shave her head and trim her nails . 13 "She shall also remove the clothes of her captivity and shall remain in your house , and mourn her father and mother a full month ; and after that you may go in to her and be her husband and she shall be your wife . 14 "It shall be, if you are not pleased with her, then you shall let her go wherever she wishes ; but you shall certainly not sell her for money , you shall not mistreat her, because e you have humbled her.
15 "If a man has two wives , the one loved and the other unloved , and both the loved and the unloved have borne him sons , if the firstborn son belongs to the unloved , 16 then it shall be in the day he wills what he has to his sons , he cannot e make the son of the loved the firstborn before e the son of the unloved , who is the firstborn . 17 "But he shall acknowledge the firstborn , the son of the unloved , by giving him a double portion of all that he has , for he is the beginning of his strength ; to him belongs the right of the firstborn .
Matthew Henry's Commentary on Deuteronomy 21:1-17
Commentary on Deuteronomy 21:1-9
(Read Deuteronomy 21:1-9)
If a murderer could not be found out, great solemnity is provided for putting away the guilt from the land, as an expression of dread and detesting of that sin. The providence of God has often wonderfully brought to light these hidden works of darkness, and the sin of the guilty has often strangely found them out. The dread of murder should be deeply impressed upon every heart, and all should join in detecting and punishing those who are guilty. The elders were to profess that they had not been any way aiding or abetting the sin. The priests were to pray to God for the country and nation, that God would be merciful. We must empty that measure by our prayers, which others are filling by their sins. All would be taught by this solemnity, to use the utmost care and diligence to prevent, discover, and punish murder. We may all learn from hence to take heed of partaking in other men's sins. And we have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, if we do not reprove them.
Commentary on Deuteronomy 21:10-14
(Read Deuteronomy 21:10-14)
By this law a soldier was allowed to marry his captive, if he pleased. This might take place upon some occasions; but the law does not show any approval of it. It also intimates how binding the laws of justice and honour are in marriage; which is a sacred engagement.
Commentary on Deuteronomy 21:15-17
(Read Deuteronomy 21:15-17)
This law restrains men from disinheriting their eldest sons without just cause. The principle in this case as to children, is still binding to parents; they must give children their right without partiality.