121 Then Rehoboam went to Shechem , for all Israel had come to Shechem to make him king . 2 Now when Jeroboam the son of Nebat heard of it, he was living in Egypt (for he was yet in Egypt , where he had fled from the presence of King Solomon ). 3 Then they sent and called him, and Jeroboam and all the assembly of Israel came and spoke to Rehoboam , saying , 4 " Your father made our yoke hard ; now therefore lighten the hard service of your father and his heavy yoke which he put on us, and we will serve you." 5 Then he said to them, " Depart for three days , then return to me." So the people departed . 6 King Rehoboam consulted with the elders who had served e his father Solomon while he was still alive , saying , "How do you counsel me to answer e this people ?" 7 Then they spoke to him, saying , " If you will be a servant to this people today , and will serve them and grant them their petition , and speak good words to them, then they will be your servants forever e ." 8 But he forsook the counsel of the elders which they had given him, and consulted with the young men who grew up with him and served e him. 9 So he said to them, "What counsel do you give that we may answer e this people who have spoken to me, saying , 'Lighten the yoke which your father put on us'?" 10 The young men who grew up with him spoke to him, saying , "Thus you shall say to this people who spoke to you, saying , 'Your father made our yoke heavy , now you make it lighter for us!' But you shall speak to them, 'My little finger is thicker than my father's loins ! 11 'Whereas my father loaded you with a heavy yoke , I will add to your yoke ; my father disciplined you with whips , but I will discipline you with scorpions .' " 12 Then Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam on the third day as the king had directed , saying , " Return to me on the third day ." 13 The king answered the people harshly , for he forsook the advice of the elders which they had given him, 14 and he spoke to them according to the advice of the young men , saying , " My father made your yoke heavy , but I will add to your yoke ; my father disciplined you with whips , but I will discipline you with scorpions ." 15 So the king did not listen to the people ; for it was a turn of events from the Lord , that He might establish His word , which the Lord spoke through Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat .
16 When all Israel saw that the king did not listen to them, the people answered the king , saying , "What portion do we have in David ? We have no inheritance in the son of Jesse ; To your tents , O Israel ! Now look after your own house , David !" So Israel departed to their tents . 17 But as for the sons of Israel who lived in the cities of Judah , Rehoboam reigned over them. 18 Then King Rehoboam sent Adoram , who was over the forced labor , and all Israel stoned him to death . And King Rehoboam made haste to mount his chariot to flee to Jerusalem . 19 So Israel has been in rebellion against the house of David to this day . 20 It came about when all Israel heard that Jeroboam had returned , that they sent and called him to the assembly and made him king over all Israel . None but the tribe of Judah followed the house of David . 21 Now when Rehoboam had come to Jerusalem , he assembled all the house of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin , 180,000 e e chosen men who were warriors , to fight against the house of Israel to restore the kingdom to Rehoboam the son of Solomon . 22 But the word of God came to Shemaiah the man of God , saying , 23 "Speak to Rehoboam the son of Solomon , king of Judah , and to all the house of Judah and Benjamin and to the rest of the people , saying , 24 'Thus says the Lord , "You must not go up and fight against your relatives the sons of Israel ; return every man to his house , for this thing has come from Me.""' So they listened to the word of the Lord , and returned and went their way according to the word of the Lord .
25 Then Jeroboam built Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim , and lived there. And he went out from there and built Penuel . 26 Jeroboam said in his heart , "Now the kingdom will return to the house of David . 27 " If this people go up to offer sacrifices in the house of the Lord at Jerusalem , then the heart of this people will return to their lord , even to Rehoboam king of Judah ; and they will kill me and return to Rehoboam king of Judah ." 28 So the king consulted , and made two golden calves , and he said to them, "It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem ; behold your gods , O Israel , that brought you up from the land of Egypt ." 29 He set one in Bethel , and the other he put in Dan . 30 Now this thing became a sin , for the people went to worship before the one as far as Dan .
Matthew Henry's Commentary on 1 Kings 12:1-30
Commentary on 1 Kings 12:1-15
(Read 1 Kings 12:1-15)
The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at case, and pay no taxes. Factious spirits will never want something to complain of. And when we see the Scripture account of Solomon's reign; the peace, wealth, and prosperity Israel then enjoyed; we cannot doubt but that their charges were false, or far beyond the truth. Rehoboam answered the people according to the counsel of the young men. Never was man more blinded by pride, and desire of arbitrary power, than which nothing is more fatal. God's counsels were hereby fulfilled. He left Rehoboam to his own folly, and hid from his eyes the things which belonged to his peace, that the kingdom might be rent from him. God serves his own wise and righteous purposes by the imprudences and sins of men. Those that lose the kingdom of heaven, throw it away, as Rehoboam, by wilfulness and folly.
Commentary on 1 Kings 12:16-24
(Read 1 Kings 12:16-24)
The people speak unbecomingly of David. How soon are good men, and their good services to the public, forgotten ! These considerations should reconcile us to our losses and troubles, that God is the Author of them, and our brethren the instruments: let us not meditate revenge. Rehoboam and his people hearkened to the word of the Lord. When we know God's mind, we must submit, how much soever it crosses our own mind. If we secure the favour of God, not all the universe can hurt us.
Commentary on 1 Kings 12:25-33
(Read 1 Kings 12:25-33)
Jeroboam distrusted the providence of God; he would contrive ways and means, and sinful ones too, for his own safety. A practical disbelief of God's all-sufficiency is at the bottom of all our departures from him. Though it is probable he meant his worship for Jehovah the God of Israel, it was contrary to the Divine law, and dishonourable to the Divine majesty to be thus represented. The people might be less shocked at worshipping the God of Israel under an image, than if they had at once been asked to worship Baal; but it made way for that idolatry. Blessed Lord, give us grace to reverence thy temple, thine ordinances, thine house of prayer, thy sabbaths, and never more, like Jeroboam, to set up in our hearts any idol of abomination. Be thou to us every thing precious; do thou reign and rule in our hearts, the hope of glory.